Observe

W02 · 4 h 30 min

Evidence before expression

Essential question

Which source can support which claim?

What you should be able to do

  1. Atomize a compound claim.
  2. Assign an evidence ceiling to a source.
  3. Detect unsupported, contradicted, and over-generalized statements.
PrerequisitesW01 object and scope card.One questionable GEO claim from a paper, blog, report, or platform page.
Builds on

W01 object and scope card. · One questionable GEO claim from a paper, blog, report, or platform page.

Investigates

Which source can support which claim?

Feeds

L04 seed ledger and adjudication questions.

Arrive with a prepared artifact

Reading route
Core PAPER-20/PAPER-40; inspect the controlled 86-source status and ceiling legend.
Viewing route
Open the complete text-first lecture packageFive-minute worked example: from a vendor headline to four atomic claims. The current equivalent is notes, slide script, worked case, and no-video transcript; no recording is claimed.
Readiness check
Underline every quantifier, causal verb, platform name, date, and population in the brought claim.
Bring
Ten-row seed claim ledger with one unresolved contradiction.

Concepts, assumptions, and boundary

Claims are the unit of audit

A polished paragraph can hide several independently testable claims: that a platform retrieves a source, that a feature caused the retrieval, that the effect generalizes, and that the result produces a business outcome. Claim atomization converts prose into units with a subject, predicate, scope, population, time window, and uncertainty. Each unit receives a disposition—supported, partially supported, contradicted, unresolved, or out of scope—and a source edge. This preserves useful nuance while preventing one strong citation from laundering adjacent unsupported statements.

Authority is claim-relative

Source quality is not a single prestige score. A first-party platform document is authoritative about the named product behavior it documents, but cannot establish cross-engine effects. A national standard can establish a requirement within its scope, but cannot prove ranking improvement. A peer-reviewed experiment supports conclusions bounded by its design, data, models, and date; it does not automatically describe a changing commercial surface. Practitioner tutorials and vendor reports can supply terminology, implementation hypotheses, and observational cases, but require primary or official corroboration for scientific, legal, or causal claims.

Inspect the mechanism or evidence structure

Conceptual graphClaim–Evidence–Source graph
Claim–Evidence–Source graphAtomic claim nodes connect to exact evidence passages, which connect to versioned source identities. Edge shape and label carry disposition so color is never the only signal. A side legend states the L/N/A/B/C/D/E evidence ceilings.Atomic claimExact passageVersioned sourceSupportContradictionUnresolved
Figure design. Three vertically separated node bands for claims, evidence passages, and source identities; solid support, dashed partial support, red contradiction, and grey unresolved edges. Authority and disposition belong to the edge, not to prestige alone.
Long description

Atomic claim nodes connect to exact evidence passages, which connect to versioned source identities. Edge shape and label carry disposition so color is never the only signal. A side legend states the L/N/A/B/C/D/E evidence ceilings.

One action, one feedback state

Action

Map six claims to nine source cards and choose an evidence ceiling.

Feedback

Feedback explains why source authority changes with the claim and why one source may support only part of a sentence.

Accessible alternative

The mapping is available as a printable matrix with the same explanations.

Open the claim–evidence mapper

Produce a reviewable intermediate file

Task
Triage claims across a paper, official document, practitioner tutorial, and vendor study.
Inputs
Source cards, claim-ledger schema, exact-location field, evidence-ceiling rubric.
Timebox
75 minutes
Intermediate file
claim-ledger-v1.csv with passage-level locators
Stop condition
Stop a claim from publication if no resolvable source edge or explicit unsupported status exists.

Why each controlled source is here

Complete, retrieve, and revise

Checkpoint
L04 seed ledger and adjudication questions.
Reflection
Describe one source that is credible yet still unsuitable for the claim attached to it.
Revision
Split every row containing more than one falsifiable predicate.
Low-compute route
All source cards and excerpts are supplied as static, licensed or citation-only fixtures.

Five retrieval questions

01Why is authority claim-relative?

A source may be authoritative about one scope—such as its own product or a legal requirement—while being unable to support a causal or cross-platform claim.

02What is the minimum resolvable evidence edge?

A versioned source identity plus an exact page, section, paragraph, table, or record location supporting the atomic claim.

03How should a contradiction be handled?

Preserve both sources, compare scope and method, mark the claim unresolved or narrowed, and record adjudication rather than silently selecting the convenient result.

04What is the evidence boundary for W02?

The papers motivate evidence integrity and manipulation risk; their taxonomies must still be checked against the course’s operational definitions.

05What must you submit or revise after this week?

L04 seed ledger and adjudication questions. Split every row containing more than one falsifiable predicate.

Continue in the practice package